Специфика исполнительных функций у недоношенных детей. Обзор иностранных источников

Аннотация

В статье представлен обзор иностранных исследований, проведенных за последние 30 лет по теме выявления специфики исполнительных функций у недоношенных детей. Определены противоречия в выводах различных авторов о различиях вербальной и пространственной памяти у доношенных и преждевременно рожденных детей. Представлены результаты мета-анализа дефицита управляющих функций у недоношенных детей в разные возрастные периоды. Обсуждены биологические, экологические, социо-экономические факторы когнитивных проблем преждевременно рожденных детей, рассмотренные в различных исследованиях. Проанализированы данные о последствиях рождения на разных этапах гестации в дошкольном, младшем школьном, подростковом, юношеском и взрослом возрастах. Обзор иностранных источников свидетельствует о том, что у недоношенных детей по сравнению с доношенными детьми уровень сформированности исполнительных функций в существенной мере определяется качеством выхаживания и заботой воспитывающих ребенка людей, уровнем их образования и зрелости. Влияние недоношенности на исполнительные функции, скорее всего, является предметно-специфическим, а не глобальным фактором; их можно тренировать и улучшать в разном возрасте.

Литература

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