Background. In the last decade, new types of psychoactive substances have appeared in illicit trafficking, including synthetic psychostimulants. Due to changes in the drug market, both the formation and course of disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances are changing. Consequently, there is a need to review existing rehabilitation programs and evaluate their effectiveness for the users of new psychoactive substances. Among the tools that influence the rehabilitation potential of drug addicts, a special attention is paid to the psychotherapeutic direction based on attachment theory, as its positive results have been already shown in foreign studies.

Objectives. The theoretical review had its purpose to synthesize, structure and evaluate the existing works devoted to the rehabilitation potential and application of attachment theory in the practice of psychiatric and drug rehabilitation.

Methods. A theoretical review of domestic and foreign scientific literature on the topic under consideration. PubMed and eLIBRARY resources were used to search for information.

Results. The currently existing concepts of rehabilitation potential are considered. The study provides an analysis of existing works describing the relationship between the success of the rehabilitation process and the type of attachment.

Conclusions. Research has found that attachment disorders in childhood can provoke manifestations of dependent behavior. Foreign authors, based on evidence of the effectiveness of attachment-based therapy, propose it as a tool for drug rehabilitation. The basic provisions and principles of such therapy can be used in domestic practice. However, to develop recommendations and rehabilitation programs, additional research on samples of Russian patients is required.