Articles

Background. In today's rapidly changing world, it is extremely important to maintain one's own trajectory in relation to life goals, the image of the future at different stages of professionalization. In this regard, it is relevant to determine personal regulators that allow for conscious and purposeful influencing the achievement of the expected future and their change in the process of professionalization.

Objective. The study had its purpose to investigate the image of the future, its characteristics (completeness, clarity, time perspective), functions and personal regulators (self-regulation, coping behavior and life orientations) at different stages of professionalization.

Methods. The study implemented quantitative methods: a basic questionnaire by V.I. Morosanova "Style of self-regulation of behavior - SSPM", 2015; “Time Perspective Questionnaire” (F. Zimbardo, 1997) adapted by A. Syrtsova, 2007; "Test of Life-Meaning Orientations" (Crumbaugh, Maholick, 1964) adapted by D.A. Leontiev, 2000; methodology "WCQ – Ways of Coping Questionnaire" (R. Lazarus and S. Folkman, 1985) adapted by T.L. Kryukova, E.V. Kuftyak, M.S. Zamyshlyaeva, 2004. And qualitative methods: the method “Unfinished Sentences” (Sachs, Levy, 1950) modified by the authors and metaphorical associative maps “Roads” (G. Salpeter, 2014) for which the author’s semi-standardized interview was developed (S.I. Konzhin, M.V. Saporovskaya, 2021).

Sample. The study involved 184 people - men and women from 16 to 40 years old (M = 23.2; SD = 7.43) who gave informed consent to participate in it. The respondents were divided into three empirical groups: respondents at the stage of professional self-determination (aged 16-17); respondents at the stage of obtaining professional education (aged 18-25); respondents engaged in professional activities (aged 26-40).

Results. The study revealed significant differences in the influence of self-regulation, coping behavior and life-meaning orientations on the time perspective of the future at different stages of professionalization. Content-analysis allowed to establish the structure, clarity, and completeness of the image of the future. Regression analysis indicated that “Locus of control-Self”, the coping strategy “Planning to solve a problem” and the regulatory-cognitive competence “Planning” make the greatest contribution to the regulation of the Future image of the respondents. Focus on the Future, the relevance of planning the Future image have certain differences and specifics at the different stages of professionalization.

Conclusion. Locus of control, strategies of coping behavior and regulatory competencies can be considered as personal regulators of creating an image of the future at different stages of professionalization.

Background. Dramatic art requires methodological foundations to be applied for training; psychological theories can form the basis for actor’s skills and allow for the conscious control of performing activities. Nowadays the realistic approach to theatrical art (Stanislavsky, K.S., Toporkov, V.O.) based on the idea of the life-like verisimilitude of acting does not lose its relevance, however, its terms and methods require correlation with psychological constructs describing the structure of actor play as a type of activity.

Objective. Development of model ideas about the structure of an actor’s psychophysical actions by correlating the psychological structure of activity as per A.N. Leontiev with the system of acting work presented in the approaches of K.S. Stanislavsky, V.O. Toporkov.

Methods. A systematic analysis of domestic and foreign research on the psychological structure of activity (A.N. Leontiev, L.S. Vygotsky, K. Levin, B.V. Zeigarnik, W. James, S. Shekhter, etc.) allowed to apply A.N. Leontiev’s theory of activity to the methods of acting presented in the works of the famous theater directors (K.S. Stanislavsky, V.O. Toporkov, M.A. Chekhov, V.E. Meyerhold, E.B. Vakhtangov, etc.).

Results. It is shown that external and internal sides of the actor’s psychophysical action have the same psychological structure: activity (reconstruction of realistic human behavior) — motivation (“supertask”, character’s “struggle”), action (psychophysical action) — goal (representation of the final result related to “supertask”), operation — conditions (given circumstances). The permanency and controllability of the actor’s psychophysical actions is ensured by motivational structures (motive, goal), and not by emotions, which lack incentive effect and duration. Experience arises naturally while acting in the given circumstances motivated by goals and supertask.

Conclusion. Understanding the structure of activity and its motivational aspect allows to control the actor’s psychophysical action through conscious goal setting and managing its achievement. Psychophysical actions cannot be performed beyond the given circumstances and represent a synthesis of the first and second signaling systems.

Background. The paper presents the results of research into the features of volitional regulation among Tuvans living in rural areas and cities.

Objectives. The study had its purpose to test the hypothesis about the relationship of volitional regulation with the characteristics of the lifestyle and semantic sphere of the respondents.

Methods: “Action Control Scale”, “Questionnaire for identifying the severity of selfcontrol in the emotional sphere, activity, and behavior”, PIL test, and the author’s ad hoc questionnaire for studying the lifestyle characteristics.

Sample. Tuvans living in Erzin (185 people), in Mugur-Aksy (265 people), in Kyzyl (172 people), and in Moscow (105 people) were compared. In total, the study involved 727 people aged 18 to 79 years, 466 women and 261 men.

Results. It is shown that Tuvans living in rural vs urban areas assess their lifestyle differently. Rural residents are significantly more likely (p = 0.01) to assess their way of life as traditional whereas urban residents consider their lifestyle as modern (p = 0.01). MANOVA revealed the significant differences between the compared groups in all indicators of volitional regulation. Сovariance analysis showed that these differences are due to the lifestyle characteristics as well as the features of the respondents’ semantic sphere. The data processing obtained significant effects of the PIL test indicators and lifestyle characteristics for the Action Control Scale (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively), for emotional self-control (p = 0.01 and p = 0.01), behavioral self-control (p = 0.01 and p = 0.01), and social self-control (p = 0.01 and p = 0.01).

Conclusion. The obtained results allow to assume that in the process of modernization/urbanization of Tuvan society, the role of traditions and group experience in the regulation of activity decreases whereas the role of volitional regulation increases.

Background. The article is devoted to the topical problem of socio-psychological adaptation of adults with disabilities. One of the person’s socio-psychological adaptation parameters is the success of self-determination in a social environment, which can be reflected in such indicators as acceptance of oneself and others, responsibility, internality. Limited health opportunities (disabilities) are considered as conditions that determine the specifics of personality development, difficulties in the formation of personal identity. Self-attitude can act as one of the factors significant for the person’s socio-psychological adaptation since it determines the style of his/her interaction with society and behavioral options.

Objective. The study had its purpose to determine the characteristics of self-attitude and individual typological qualities of adults with various types of dysontogenesis, to explore the connection of these features with adaptation parameters.

Methods. To study implemented the Methodology for diagnosing socio-psychological adaptation by K. Rogers and R. Diamond, adapted by A.K. Osnitsky; Individual Typological Questionnaire by L.N. Sobchik; Self-Attitude Test Questionnaire by V.V. Stolin, S.R. Pantileev.

Sample. 75 people participated in the study: 24 people with mobility disabilities, 19 people with severe speech disorders, 20 people with visual impairments, 12 people with hearing impairments. The mean age of respondents was 34 years.

Results. Self-attitude of adults with disabilities is characterized by low self-confidence, lack of expectation of a positive attitude towards oneself in society, and lack of self-understanding. Research results demonstrated, that adaptation parameters such as selfacceptance, non-acceptance of self, acceptance of others, and external control were outside the average normative values. The severity of different individual typological properties among respondents of different groups indicates the presence of accentuated traits in them. The data analysis revealed simultaneously quite high average indicators of leadership qualities, activity and introversion, self-doubt, and anxiety in the groups with mobility disabilities and visual impairments.

Conclusion. Self-attitude of adults with various types of dysontogenesis is characterized by insufficient self-confidence, lack of expectation of a positive attitude towards oneself in society, lack of self-understanding. Their adaptation is characterized by compensatory overestimated self-acceptance and internal control. The presence of accentuated traits in a large part of respondents can be considered as a risk factor for adaptation.

Background. The relevance of study is determined by society’s demand for searching the resources for maintaining psychological well-being (PWB) and positive development of students in a changing educational environment.

Objective. To study individual trajectories of the PWB dynamics depending on the level of conscious self-regulation development and personality features of younger adolescents educated in grades 4-6 of comprehensive school.

Methods. Russian-language version of the questionnaire “Well-Being Manifestation Measure Scale” (Morosanova, Bondarenko, Fomina, 2018); “Big Five Questionnaire — Children version (BFQ-C)” (Russian adaptation by Malykh, Tikhomirova, Vasin, 2015); V.I. Morosanova‘s “Self-Regulation Profile of Learning Activity Questionnaire (SRPLAQ)” (Morosanova, Bondarenko, 2017). Statistical analysis was carried in JASP software, version 0.17.2.1 using the Latent Growth Curve Modeling (LGCM).

Sample. 120 pupils (58 boys) educated in one school of Kaluga took part in the longitudinal study.

Results. The study results demonstrate that individual differences in PWB level of younger adolescents in the 4th grade are determined by the general level of conscious self-regulation as well as the personality features of extraversion and agreeableness. The specifics of individual PWB trajectories in the period from 4th to 6th grade depend on the level of conscious self-regulation. In particular, the higher the level of self-regulation the less is the risk of decline in PWB during 4–6th grades. Gender contributes to psychological well-being only in the 4th grade: its level is higher in boys compared to girls.

Conclusion. New data have been obtained allowing to expand theoretical knowledge about regulatory and personal predictors of psychological well-being in early adolescence.

Background. In the face of threats of increased individualism and the prevalence of loneliness problems, supporting the individual’s focus on the values of friendly relationships and focusing research on understanding the transformation processes of the individual (in particular, changes in the self-regulation characteristics) in the context of his co-existence with a significant Other is a relevant and little-studied topic.

Purpose. The study had its purpose to identify the specifics of changes in the processes of self-regulation of an individual under conditions of coexistence with a friend.

Methods. “Self-regulation Profile Questionnaire by V.I. Morosanova (SRPQM)” and its modification, methodology for studying personality self-esteem by S.A. Budassi and its modification.

Sample. The study involved students of Kuban State University from different areas of training (N = 100).

Results. The study revealed significant changes in the students’ general level of selfregulation and its characteristics depending on existing friendships: an increase in behavior conscious self-regulation (“general level” scale), optimization of conditions in achieving one’s goals (“modeling” scale) based on a critical attitude to the performing actions (“result evaluation” scale), an increase in plasticity of the regulatory processes (“flexibility” scale).

Conclusions. In a situation of co-existence, a “possible Other” can be both a destructive factor for a person’s self-regulation (impaired planning, value disorientation, etc.), as well as a supporting factor, providing more accurate self-identification, certainty in setting goals, increasing agency in organizing the spaces of one’s being. Friendship relationships, being a person’s coexistence with a “significant Other”, generally increase the resources of self-regulation: the modeling process is optimized, flexibility and adequacy in evaluating results increase. At the same time, a person’s independence decreases, which is natural, since another subject is involved in the regulatory process.

Background. The study of psychological mechanisms and patterns of “conscious” regulation of psychic states turns us to the structures of consciousness and their functions in the regulatory process. These structures and mechanisms remain the least studied to date, while the need to understand the psychological mechanisms of self-regulation of states is extremely relevant, and knowledge about them is in demand in various situations of a subject’s life.

Objective. The presented analytical article analyzes the concept of “situation” (approaches, principles, structure, levels, etc.) considered as a “psychological situation” and investigates its role in the actualization of the mental regulation of psychic states.

Results. It is shown that psychological situation, through the formation of an impression, which is a cognitive-affective complex, “launches” the regulatory process, actualizing the structures of consciousness constituted by semantic, reflective, representative structures, experiences, and the Self system. The article provides an analysis of results of the situational conditioning of self-regulation of states among the employees of government institutions, in the process of teaching students, in difficult life situations (reversible and irreversible) as well as its impact on the activation of consciousness structures and, accordingly, on the operational means of regulation. Consideration is also given to the relationships between mental structures in the process of regulating the subject’s states.

Conclusion. The formation of functional structures “situation — mental structures — regulatory means — mental states” occurs in the process of psychic states regulation. The actualization of functional structures is due to the purpose of regulation — the need to change the state in accordance with requirements of the situation of the subject’s life activity. Activation of the consciousness structures mediating the choice of operational means of regulation and their use leads to a change in the psychic state.

Background. The relevance of studying the youth safety culture (SC) in various spheres of life is due to a significant change in the structure of risks coming along with the development of Internet and digital technologies.

Objective. The empirical study had its purpose to reveal the intrapersonal and subjective determinants of the youth SC taking into consideration its gender specificity, as well as to describe the types of youth SC as per the attitude to different safety components.

Methods. The study implemented the standardized questionnaires TIPI-RU, Brief- Cope, PIL, RFQ, assessments of self-confirmation patterns as well as ad hoc developed technique for evaluating the youth SC and its components (public, personal, financial, and data security). Data analysis was carried out using multivariate statistical methods (ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), factor analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis), Student’s t-test and Fisher’s F-test.

Sample. The study involved 1469 university students (545 boys, 924 girls, mean age 20.34 years).

Results. of the study revealed certain gender differences in the youth SC: young women have a significantly higher indicator of personal safety, while young men dominate in all other components and the integral indicator of SC. Cluster analysis allowed for identifying 4 types of SC according to the rates of different SC components. The revealed types of SC differ in the personality characteristics, meaningfulness of life, preferred coping strategies, focus of regulation, and self-confirmation patterns.

Conclusion. It was established that youth security culture is more a consequence of comprehension (as well as learning) than a personality conditioned phenomenon. The study substantiated the expediency of individually oriented proactive approach to the formation of the students’ SC.

Background. The study relevance is due to the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents, on the one hand, and on the other hand — to the important role of the attitudes towards the disease and the future life in their compliance behavior and effective compensation for the disease.

Objective. To study the features of attitudes towards the future, attitudes towards the disease and their relationship in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1).

Methods. “Multidimensional scale of attitude to the future” by V. Kalster and “Type of attitude to the disease” by A. Lichko and N. Ivanova. For statistical data processing, Pearson’s parametric correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used.

Sample. The study involved 80 respondents with diabetes aged 12 to 15 years (55% — female).

Results. The study identified the most pronounced types of attitudes towards the disease in adolescents with diabetes mellitus: anosognosic, neurasthenic, hypochondriacal, apathetic. The picture of the future of the surveyed adolescents is characterized by weak emotional attractiveness, it seems to them remote and difficult. Adolescents aged 12–13 represent their future to be more difficult compared to adolescents aged 14–15. The more planned the future seems, the more pronounced the anxiety toward the disease. The remoteness of the future in time is associated with increased vulnerability. The perception of the future as imposed from the outside is associated with the search for benefits related to the disease. The future seen as interesting and useful is associated with the acceptance of the fact of disease. A sense of predestination and the imposed future in adolescents with diabetes is associated with a demonstration of their suffering and experiences.

Conclusion. Revealing the prevailing type of attitude towards the disease and the emotional attitude to the future plays a significant role in the effective compensation of diabetes in adolescents. The results of the study have been introduced into the practice of psychological assistance to adolescents with diabetes mellitus and their parents.