Articles

The review article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of modern foreign and domestic literature devoted to the study of psychological and psychosocial factors involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The role of psychological factors that significantly contribute to the pathogenesis and expression of cardiovascular diseases, as well as predictors of morbidity, a decrease in the quality of life and even death in this category of patients, is highlighted in detail. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms through which these factors are involved in the development and progression of the diseases under consideration are discussed.

The article provides an overview of modern theoretical concepts and empirical data on mental stability. It examines theoretical approaches to the study of this psychological construct, which allows you to overcome negative stressful circumstances. Various theoretical models of mental stability are presented, as well as various methods for measuring it. The relationship of mental stability with a number of other psychological constructs (personality, psychological well-being, cognitive abilities, relationships with others, etc.) is analyzed. The problems of the formation of mental stability are discussed.

The study is devoted to the problems of psychological readiness of cadets of the Federal Penitentiary Service for professional activities. The results indicate the presence of problems and the need to achieve success in professional activity. The concept of socio-psychological support of the target attitudes of professional activity was discussed.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the perception of the emotional attitude of parents by senior schoolchildren in the context of the influence on success in learning. The study involved 205 schoolchildren in grades 10–11, aged 15.7 to 18.6 years (57.1% of girls). The results indicate the universality of the model, according to which the perception of parental care and excessive attention by older students affects overall school success, explaining 4% of the variance in relation to mothers and 2% – to fathers. The functional connections within the structure remain unchanged, testifying to the importance of caring and emotional acceptance of the child by each of the parents.

The article presents the results of assessing the psychometric characteristics of the Bass – Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The study sample consisted of 1200 adolescents aged 14–17 years. Satisfactory data were obtained on the reliability of Cronbach's alpha (0.74 to 0.85) and MacDonald's omega (0.64 to 0.76). The results of the factor analysis of the data found in Russian adolescents testify in favor of the four-factor structure of the questionnaire used. However, the content of the points of these factors differs from the original questionnaire proposed by A. Bass and M. Perry. Boys showed higher values on the scale «Physical aggression», girls – on the scales «Anger» and «Hostility». No sex differences were found on the «Verbal aggression» scale. Verbal aggression increases from 14 to 17 years, the rest of the scales are not related to age.

The article presents the results of a trial empirical study of the relationship between the structure of labor attractiveness and the structural-content characteristics of a professionally legitimate personality orientation (PLPO) on the example of journalists (27 people) aged 22 to 34 years with experience from 0.5 to 7 years, combining professional activity with obtaining appropriate education. The study used the method of diagnosing the attractiveness of labor (PTR-1) V.M. Snetkov and a questionnaire for diagnosing a professionally legitimate personality orientation (T.G. Khashchenko, M.M. Shpak). According to the results, negative correlations were established between the subjective significance of needs and the attractiveness of work with the behavioral component of PLPO.

The article examines gender differences in the relationship between individual values and proenvironmental behavior, which is aimed at improving the environment. The empirical study involved 264 people (44% of men and 56% of women), aged 18 to 73 years, the average age of the sample was 35.2 years (SD=11.6). The data obtained showed that men and women do not differ significantly in their level of pro-ecological behavior and the values associated with it. Nevertheless, women scored significantly higher results on the questionnaire of pro-ecological behavior in everyday life (p<0.01), and men showed significant correlations between pro-ecological behavior and the value of «Achievement» (p<0.01). Values such as «Benevolence» and «Universalism» are significantly associated with pro-ecological behavior (p<0.01) and are characteristic of the entire sample, regardless of gender.

The theoretical basis of the normative approach is determined. The types of personal standards are highlighted. Taking into account the individual level of acceptance of the personal standards of each subject, the average indicators for the sample as a whole were calculated. The interrelation of the level of acceptance of standards in the moral sphere with the attitude to the standards of trust, honesty, conformity, attitude to law is shown.